sincere and active in promoting pure and undefiled religion.” And for Witherspoon, and the cultural consensus of that day, that meant Christianity as it had come to them through the Reformation. This was the consensus which then gave religious freedom to all—including the “free thinkers” of that day and the humanists of our day. This concept was the same as William Penn (1644–1718) had expressed earlier: “If we are not governed by God, then we will be ruled by tyrants.” This consensus was as natural